| Margraviate of Baden Markgrafschaft Baden |
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| State of the Holy Roman Empire | |||||
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| Baden at the beginning of the 19th century | |||||
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| Government | Principality | ||||
| Margrave | |||||
| - 1074–1130 | Herman II (first) | ||||
| - 1771–1806 | Charles Frederick (lasta) | ||||
| History | |||||
| - Margraviate est. | 1112 | ||||
| - Territory fragmentedb | 1190–1771 | ||||
| - Elevated to Electorate | 1803 | ||||
| a: Charles Frederick was margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1746–71, when he inherited Baden-Baden, becoming margrave of unified Baden. In 1803, support for Napoleon saw him raised to Elector of Baden. He joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, when he was raised to Grand Duke of Baden. b: Baden was fragmented from 1190–1503, 1515–1620 and 1622–1771, though the eras of 1415–1503, 1604–1620 and 1666–1771 saw only two active branches of the margravine house. |
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The Margraviate of Baden were a historical territory in the Holy Roman Empire. It was already named so in 1112 and existed until the division in 1535 and lived with the reunion back in 1771, until the Electorate of Baden came up in 1803. The lords of the county emerged from the noble House of Zähringen.
The founder of the dynasty of the Margrave of Baden was Herman I (1052–74), the elder son of the Zähringer Berthold II (1024–78). His son, Earl Herman II, Count of Breisgau called himself first Margrave of Limburg, then in 1112, the first Margrave of Baden. He had the area around Baden-Baden by balancing Zähringer with the Hohenstaufen to the Duchy of Swabia, acquired and led the inherited the March of Verona from his father — in conjunction with the new center of power, the Hodenhagen Castle in Baden-Baden.
The original center of power in the middle Neckar around Backnang, Besigheim and the newly acquired territories in the Upper Rhine until 1219 could be connected with the acquisition of Pforzheim from the heritage of Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine.
In the 12th and 13 Century were the supporters of the Baden House of Hohenstaufen, between Backnang and Stuttgart, Karlsruhe area, in the Murg and in Breisgau took place the territorial expansion of the Margraviate. From 1190 there was a Markgrafen of Hachberg, which was bought back in 1415 by Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden, but without the Markgrafen of Hachberg-Sausenberg country rule, which was only in 1503 come back to the main line. Important for the consolidation of the marquisate was the acquisition of half of the dominions Lahr and Mahlberg in 1442, creating a link has been obtained between the southern part of the Breisgau and the northern area around Baden-Baden. The late Middle Ages saw the development of through to Baden princely territorial state (administration, finance), Baden became an important territory between the House of Habsburg possessions in Breisgau and Ortenau and the Duchy of Württemberg.